China and Oman enjoy a long history of friendly exchanges. During the Ming Dynasty, the fleet of the Chinese navigator Zheng He visited Oman four times. On May 25, 1978, China and Oman established diplomatic relations. Since then, bilateral relations have developed smoothly, with cooperation across various fields continuously making progress. On May 25, 2018, the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations, President Xi Jinping and Sultan Qaboos exchanged congratulatory messages and announced the establishment of a China–Oman strategic partnership.

The two countries maintain close exchanges at all levels. In December 2022, President Xi Jinping met Fahd bin Mahmoud Al Said, the Deputy Prime Minister for the Council of Ministers of Oman, during the first China–Arab States Summit and the first China–GCC Summit. In recent years, major Chinese visits to Oman have included: Chairman of The National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Wang Yang (November 2019); Director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi (March 2021, then State Councilor and Foreign Minister); Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Arken Imirbaki (March 2016); Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Xiao Jie (May 2025); State Councilor and Minister of National Defense Wei Fenghe (April 2022); State Councilor Wang Yong (May 2016); Vice Chairman of The National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (September 2018); and Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Ying Yong (October 2023), among others.

Major Omani visits to China have included: Chairman of the State Council Yahya bin Mahfoudh Al Mantheri (July 2010, attending Oman National Pavilion Day at the Shanghai World Expo); Minister Responsible for Foreign Affairs Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah (June 2014 to attend the Sixth Ministerial Conference of the China–Arab States Cooperation Forum, May 2018 visit to China, and July 2018 attendance at the Eighth Ministerial Conference of the China–Arab States Cooperation Forum); Chairman of the Shura Council Khalid bin Hilal Al Maawali (May 2016); and Foreign Minister Sayyid Badr Albusaidi (January 2022).

In April 2008, the Olympic torch for the Beijing Olympic Games was successfully relayed in Muscat, the capital of Oman, making Muscat the only Arab city included in the overseas torch relay of the Beijing Olympics. After the devastating Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, the Omani government provided substantial material assistance to China and helped build the “Oman Aid Village” in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province. Since June 2009, Chinese naval escort task forces conducting anti-piracy missions in the Gulf of Aden have repeatedly carried out comprehensive resupply and personnel rest at the Port of Salalah in Oman, with strong support from the Omani side.